Análisis del sector manufacturero colombiano con base en sus balances energéticos desagregados
| dc.contributor.advisor | Díaz González, Carlos Alirio | |
| dc.contributor.apolounab | Díaz González, Carlos Alirio [carlos-alirio-diaz-gonzalez] | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Arias Torrado, Mónica María | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Díaz González, Carlos Alirio [785806] | spa |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar | Díaz González, Carlos Alirio [nqw4a5gAAAAJ] | spa |
| dc.contributor.linkedin | Díaz González, Carlos Alirio [carlos-alirio-díaz-gonzález-b7194829] | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación Recursos, Energía, Sostenibilidad - GIRES | spa |
| dc.coverage.campus | UNAB Campus Bucaramanga | spa |
| dc.coverage.spatial | Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia) | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-18T13:37:16Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-18T13:37:16Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026-02-13 | |
| dc.degree.name | Magíster en Ingeniería en Energía | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Este proyecto analiza el sector industrial manufacturero colombiano a partir de un enfoque detallado de sus balances energéticos, con el fin de fortalecer la planificación energética, optimizar el uso de recursos y promover estrategias orientadas a la sostenibilidad. Dado que la manufactura constituye uno de los mayores consumidores de energía en el país y mantiene una alta dependencia de fuentes no renovables, resulta fundamental comprender con mayor precisión sus patrones de consumo. La metodología propuesta se desarrolla en cuatro etapas principales. En primer lugar, se realiza la recopilación, depuración y organización de información energética y económica proveniente de fuentes oficiales como la UPME y el DANE, con el objetivo de consolidar una base de datos confiable y reducir la incertidumbre asociada al consumo industrial. En la segunda etapa, se construyen balances energéticos desagregados a nivel de clase CIIU (cuatro dígitos) mediante un enfoque bottom-up, lo que permite identificar con mayor detalle la distribución del consumo energético entre subsectores. Posteriormente, se aplican técnicas de análisis de datos, incluyendo el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y la clusterización, para agrupar actividades industriales con comportamientos energéticos similares y reconocer oportunidades de mejora en eficiencia y reducción de emisiones. Finalmente, se analizan los resultados obtenidos en las etapas anteriores con el fin de desarrollar modelos de proyección de la demanda energética basado en indicadores como energéticos y económicos, en miras de evaluar escenarios futuros para el sector. Este estudio integra herramientas estadísticas y modelos computacionales, ofreciendo una caracterización más precisa del sector manufacturero. Los resultados constituyen un insumo para el diseño de políticas públicas orientadas a la eficiencia energética, la transición hacia fuentes más limpias y la descarbonización industrial en Colombia. | spa |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | This project analyzes the Colombian manufacturing industry through a detailed examination of its energy balances, with the aim of strengthening energy planning, optimizing resource use, and promoting sustainability-oriented strategies. Given that manufacturing is one of the largest energy consumers in the country and remains highly dependent on non-renewable sources, it is essential to gain a more accurate understanding of its consumption patterns. The proposed methodology is developed in four main stages. First, energy and economic information from official sources such as the UPME and DANE is collected, cleaned, and organized in order to consolidate a reliable database and reduce the uncertainty associated with industrial consumption. In the second stage, disaggregated energy balances are constructed at the ISIC (four-digit) level using a bottom-up approach, which allows for a more detailed identification of the distribution of energy consumption among subsectors. Subsequently, data analysis techniques are applied, including principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering, to group industrial activities with similar energy behaviors and identify opportunities for improvement in efficiency and emissions reduction. Finally, an energy demand projection model is developed based on indicators such as value added and energy intensity, in order to evaluate future scenarios for the sector. This study integrates statistical tools and computational models, offering a more accurate characterization of the manufacturing sector. The results provide input for the design of public policies aimed at energy efficiency, the transition to cleaner sources, and industrial decarbonization in Colombia. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.learningmodality | Modalidad Presencial | spa |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | AGRADECIMIENTOS.....................................................................................................................4 RESUMEN..........................................................................................................................................5 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................6 CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................11 CAPÍTULO 2. MARCO TEÓRICO Y ESTADO DEL ARTE ...................................................13 CAPÍTULO 3. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA........................................................20 CAPÍTULO 4. ALCANCE Y LIMITACIONES......................................................................21 4.1 ALCANCE...........................................................................................................................21 4.2 LIMITACIONES................................................................................................................21 CAPÍTULO 5. OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................22 5.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .....................................................................................................22 5.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................................22 CAPÍTULO 6. METODOLOGÍA..............................................................................................23 6.1 ENFOQUE METODOLÓGICO Y FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN ...............................................23 6.2 SELECCIÓN Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE INDICADORES...............................................................23 6.3 PROCESAMIENTO Y NORMALIZACIÓN DE LOS DATOS.......................................................24 6.4 REDUCCIÓN DE DIMENSIONALIDAD MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES (PCA).....................................................................................................................24 6.5 ANÁLISIS DE CLUSTERIZACIÓN DEL SECTOR MANUFACTURERO .....................................26 6.6 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE BARRERAS PARA LA EFICIENCIA Y DIVERSIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICA 28 6.7 METODOLOGÍA DE PROYECCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA ....................................29 CAPÍTULO 7. RESULTADOS..................................................................................................34 7.1 CARACTERIZACIÓN ENERGÉTICA Y ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIADO DEL SECTOR MANUFACTURERO ........................................................................................................................34 7.2 VALIDACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO CON EL AÑO 2023 ...................................................................49 7.3 PROYECCIÓN DE RESULTADOS BAJO ESCENARIO TENDENCIAL O BAU...........................53 7.3.1 Variables macroeconómicas......................................................................................53 7.3.2 Consumos energéticos................................................................................................55 7.3.3 Costos unitarios de energía........................................................................................57 CONCLUSIONES............................................................................................................................58 RECOMENDACIONES..................................................................................................................60 BIBLIOGRAFÍA..............................................................................................................................61 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/32948 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad Ingeniería | spa |
| dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Ingeniería en Energía | spa |
| dc.publisher.programid | MIE-2160 | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | * |
| dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ | * |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy demand | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Colombian manufacturing sector | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy balances | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy indicators | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy intensity | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Industrial energy consumption | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy engineering | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Technological innovations | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy consumption | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Energy resources | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Conservation of energy | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Ingeniería en energía | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Innovaciones tecnológicas | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Energía | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Consumo de energía | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Recursos energéticos | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Conservación de la energía | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Sector manufacturero colombiano | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Balances energéticos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Indicadores energéticos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Consumo energético industrial | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Intensidad energética | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Demanda energética | spa |
| dc.title | Análisis del sector manufacturero colombiano con base en sus balances energéticos desagregados | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Analysis of the Colombian manufacturing sector based on its disaggregated energy balances | spa |
| dc.type | Thesis | eng |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
| dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
| dc.type.local | Tesis | spa |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |
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