Diferencias clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas del cáncer colorrectal según su inicio temprano o tardío

dc.contributor.advisorTovar Fierro, German Manuel
dc.contributor.advisorOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique
dc.contributor.authorBáez Duarte, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.cvlacTovar Fierro, German Manuel [0001575134]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [0000898465]spa
dc.contributor.orcidOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [0000-0002-4552-3388]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateTovar Fierro, German Manuel [German-Manuel-Tovar-Fierro-2141248902]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [Miguel-Ochoa-6]spa
dc.contributor.scopusOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [36987156500]spa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.coverage.spatialFloridablanca (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.coverage.temporal2016-2021spa
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-09T19:57:05Z
dc.date.available2022-09-09T19:57:05Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Medicina Internaspa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el tercer cáncer más común y la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Si bien su incidencia en la población general viene disminuyendo, en personas menores de 50 años aumenta progresivamente. Dado su bajo nivel de sospecha en individuos jóvenes, el diagnóstico suele ser tardío, en estadios avanzados y frecuentemente mal diferenciados. Actualmente no hay certeza de que el tamizaje en personas menores de 50 años impacte en la detección temprana o en una mayor supervivencia. Materiales y Método: Análisis de corte transversal de datos secundarios de un registro de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal de novo atendidos en el complejo médico Foscal en el periodo comprendido entre julio 2016 y junio 2021. Se incluyeron las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas. Para el análisis como variable independiente, se categorizó la población en menores y mayores de 50 años y se calculó la razón de prevalencia como medida de asociación. Resultados: De 10708 colonoscopias realizadas hubo 538 (5%) casos de CCR de novo. 83 (15,4%) de ellos en menores de 50 años (55% en mujeres). No hubo diferencias significativas en sexo, sintomatología, hallazgos clínicos, localización, forma ni estadio tumoral. Los antecedentes familiares de CCR (27% Vs 5%; p<0.001) y los síndromes hereditarios de CCR, principalmente Polipomatosis adenomatosa familiar (4% Vs 1%; p<0,001) y cáncer colorrectal hereditario no poliposo (Síndrome de Lynch) (5% Vs 0,2%; p<0,001) predominaron en la población menor; mientras que comorbilidades como la obesidad (43% Vs 17%, p<0,001), la diabetes mellitus (22% Vs 5%, p<0,001) y el mayor consumo de tabaco (27% Vs 13%; p<0,005) destacaron en el grupo mayor. El adenocarcinoma convencional fue el tipo histológico principal en ambos grupos, sin embargo, éste predominó en la población mayor (85% Vs 52%, p<0,001); mientras que los menores presentaron con mayor frecuencia subtipos histológicos más agresivos como el adenocarcinoma mucinoso (27% Vs 13%; p<0,001) y el adenocarcinoma de células en anillo de sello (21% Vs 2%, p<0,001), en su mayoría mal diferenciados (16% Vs 6%; p=0,008). Conclusiones: El CCR en nuestro medio se presenta en igual proporción en hombres y mujeres. Independientemente de la edad de diagnóstico, los signos y síntomas, la localización, forma y estadio tumoral son similares; sin embargo, en los pacientes jóvenes predominan los antecedentes familiares de CCR y los síndromes hereditarios de CCR; tipos histológicos como el cáncer neuroendocrino y los adenocarcinomas, éstos últimos con subtipos histológicos de mayor agresividad y en bajo grado de diferenciación.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishIntroduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although its incidence in the general population has been decreasing, in people under 50 years of age it is progressively increasing. Given its low level of suspicion in young individuals, diagnosis is usually late, in advanced stages and frequently poorly differentiated. There is currently no certainty that screening in people under 50 years of age impacts early detection or longer survival. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from a registry of patients diagnosed with de novo colorectal cancer treated at the Foscal medical complex in the period between July 2016 and June 2021. Clinical, endoscopic and histopathological characteristics were included. For the analysis as an independent variable, the population was categorized into those under and over 50 years of age and the prevalence ratio was calculated as a measure of association. Results: Of 10,708 colonoscopies performed, there were 538 (5%) cases of CRC. 83 (15.4%) of them were under 50 years of age (55% in women). There were no significant differences in sex, symptoms, clinical findings, location, shape or tumor stage. Family history of CRC (27% vs. 5%; p<0.001) and hereditary CRC syndromes, mainly familial adenomatous polypomatosis (4% vs. 1%; p<0.001) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) (5% Vs 0.2%, p<0.001) prevailed in the smaller population; while comorbidities such as obesity (43% vs. 17%, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (22% vs. 5%, p<0.001) and increased tobacco use (27% vs. 13%; p<0.005) stood out in the older group. Conventional adenocarcinoma was the main histological type in both groups, however, it predominated in the older population (85% vs. 52%, p<0.001); while the minors more frequently presented more aggressive histological subtypes such as 11 mucinous adenocarcinoma (27% vs 13%; p<0.001) and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (21% vs 2%, p<0.001), in their most poorly differentiated (16% vs. 6%; p=0.008). Conclusions: CRC in our environment occurs in equal proportions in men and women. Regardless of age at diagnosis, signs and symptoms, location, shape, and tumor stage are similar; however, in young patients, family history of CRC and hereditary CRC syndromes predominate; histological types such as neuroendocrine cancer and adenocarcinomas, the latter with histological subtypes of greater aggressiveness and low degree of differentiation.spa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsResumen ................................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract..................................................................................................................................10 Descripción del Proyecto .....................................................................................................12 Planteamiento y Justificación del Problema ....................................................................12 Marco Teórico ........................................................................................................................15 Epidemiología ....................................................................................................................15 Fisiopatología ....................................................................................................................20 Factores de riesgo .............................................................................................................24 Síndromes de cáncer colorrectal familiar ........................................................................25 Presentación clínica del CCR de inicio temprano ...........................................................28 Tamizaje .............................................................................................................................30 Diagnóstico ........................................................................................................................31 Clasificación .......................................................................................................................32 Estadificación ....................................................................................................................33 Tratamiento ........................................................................................................................35 Estado del Arte ......................................................................................................................38 Pregunta de Investigación ....................................................................................................50 Hipótesis ................................................................................................................................50 Objetivos ................................................................................................................................50 Objetivo General ................................................................................................................50 Objetivos Específicos ........................................................................................................50 Metodología ...........................................................................................................................51 Tipo de Estudio ..................................................................................................................51 Población Universo ...........................................................................................................51 Población Objetivo ............................................................................................................51 Criterios de Inclusión ........................................................................................................51 Criterios de Exclusión .......................................................................................................52 Muestra ...............................................................................................................................52 Variables ................................................................................................................................53 Plan de Análisis de Datos .....................................................................................................57 Disposiciones Vigentes ........................................................................................................57 Consentimiento Informado ...................................................................................................59 Resultados .............................................................................................................................60 Discusión ...............................................................................................................................69 Fortalezas y Limitaciones .....................................................................................................74 Conclusiones .........................................................................................................................75 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................76spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/17611
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Medicina Internaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.keywordsInternal medicinespa
dc.subject.keywordsMedicinespa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical sciencesspa
dc.subject.keywordsHealth sciencesspa
dc.subject.keywordsColorectal cancerspa
dc.subject.keywordsDiagnosisspa
dc.subject.keywordsEndoscopyspa
dc.subject.keywordsPrevalence of symptomsspa
dc.subject.keywordsPathologyspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical screeningspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical examsspa
dc.subject.lembMedicina internaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.subject.lembPatologíaspa
dc.subject.lembTamizaje médicospa
dc.subject.lembExámenes médicosspa
dc.subject.proposalCiencias de la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalCáncer colorrectalspa
dc.subject.proposalDiagnósticospa
dc.subject.proposalEndoscopiaspa
dc.subject.proposalPrevalencia de síntomasspa
dc.titleDiferencias clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas del cáncer colorrectal según su inicio temprano o tardíospa
dc.title.translatedClinical, endoscopic and histopathological differences of colorectal cancer according to its early or late onsetspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM

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