Efecto de la terapia de rehabilitación pulmonar sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar
| dc.contributor.advisor | Carvajal Estupiñan, Juan Fernando | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Luna González, María Lucrecia | |
| dc.contributor.apolounab | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [miguel-enrique-ochoa-vera] | spa |
| dc.contributor.apolounab | Luna González, María Lucrecia [maría-lucrecia-luna-gonzález] | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | González Ducón, María del Pilar | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | González Dukón, María del Pilar [0002215595] | spa |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Carvajal Estupiñán, Juan Fernando [0000150711] | spa |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [898465] | spa |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Luna González, María Lucrecia [0001347422] | spa |
| dc.contributor.googlescholar | Luna González, María Lucrecia [pLIVNZYAAAAJ] | spa |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [0000-0002-4552-3388] | spa |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Luna González, María Lucrecia [0000-0003-2846-6868] | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgate | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [Miguel_Ochoa7] | spa |
| dc.contributor.scopus | Ochoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [36987156500] | spa |
| dc.contributor.scopus | Luna González, María Lucrecia [57216524897] | spa |
| dc.coverage.campus | UNAB Campus Bucaramanga | spa |
| dc.coverage.spatial | Santander (Colombia) | spa |
| dc.coverage.temporal | 2025 | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-16T21:44:59Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-09-16T21:44:59Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-09-16 | |
| dc.degree.name | Especialista en Medicina Interna | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) es una enfermedad crónica y progresiva en la que los pacientes presentan disnea y fatiga, lo cual aumenta la inactividad física y el desacondicionamiento, comprometiendo significativamente la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida (CV). La terapia de rehabilitación pulmonar con ejercicio (TRPE) ha demostrado tener beneficio sobre la capacidad física, el desempeño en pruebas de función pulmonar y CV en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (ERC) como la EPOC y EPID; sin embargo, la evidencia de esta intervención en pacientes con HP es limitada. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de 48 sesiones de TRPE sobre la calidad de vida de una cohorte de pacientes con HP. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte a partir de una base de datos de pacientes con HP atendidos entre 2021 y 2024. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥18 años con diagnóstico de HP y con datos de evaluación de CV medida a través del cuestionario SF - 12 antes y después de participar en un programa de HP de 12 meses. Se evaluaron los puntajes global, del resumen componente físico (PCS) y resumen componente mental (MCS) del cuestionario antes y después de participar en el programa, y se comparó el cambio pre y pos entre los pacientes que realizaron la TRPE completa, incompleta y quienes no la realizaron a través de medidas de asociación como riesgo relativo y se utilizó regresión lineal y cuantílica para determinar factores con influencia sobre la CV. Se consideró TRPE completa el realizar 33 o más sesiones de rehabilitación pulmonar en un periodo de 12 meses, y se definió como mejoría el aumento de al menos 5 puntos en cualquiera de los puntajes del cuestionario. Análisis en STATA v14.0 (α = 0,05). Aprobación del comité de ética: CEINO N° 213 del 14 de julio de 2015. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 183 pacientes, de los cuales 138 (75,41%) fueron mujeres, con mediana de edad de 59 años (RIQ 61 a 73). El 36,06% realizó TRPE completa, 21,31% incompleta y el 42,62% no la realizó. Los pacientes que completaron la TRPE mejoraron significativamente en los puntajes global (65,36±1,86 a 72,67±1,76; p<0,0001), mental (72,36±17,6 a 80,3±15,75; p=0,0002) y física (55 [RIC 40-70] a 65 [55-70]; p<0,0001), mientras que los sujetos que no completaron o no hicieron TRPE tuvieron de los mismos: global (62,17±1,66 a 57,06±1,82; p=0,0002), MCS (68,99±19,99 a 64,2±21,31; p=0,0031) y PCS (55 [40-70] a 45 [20-65]; p=0,0008). No hubo diferencia en la probabilidad de mejoría con las modalidades virtual e híbrida respecto a la presencial. Se hizo análisis multivariado que mostró aumento de 0,23 ± 0,13 puntos en el puntaje global, 0,17 ± 0,14 puntos en el MCS y 0,25 ± 0,12 puntos en el PCS por cada sesión de TRPE realizada. | spa |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive disease in which patients suffer from dyspnea and fatigue, increasing inactivity and physical deconditioning that compromises functional capacity and quality of life (QoL). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has shown benefits over physical capacity, performance on pulmonary function tests and QoL in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease; however, evidence supporting this intervention is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 48 session PR program on the QoL of patients with PH. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a database of adult PH patients attended between 2021 and 2024. Individuals aged ≥18 years diagnosed with PH and who had QoL evaluation with SF-12 questionnaire before and after participation in a 12-month PH program were included. Global, physical summary component (PSC) and mental summary component (MSC) scores of the questionnaire before and after participation in the program were measured, and the change in the SF-12 scores was compared between subjects who completed PR, those who did it incomplete and those who didn't do it at all. Complete PR was defined as completing 33 sessions or more over a 12-month period, and significant improvement was considered if there was a change of at least 5 points in any of the three SF-12 scores. Relative risk was calculated to assess association, and linear and quantile regression were used to determine possible factors that influence QoL. Analysis were done with STATA v14.0 (α = 0,05). Ethics Committee Approval: CEINO N° 213 14th july of 2015. Results: Data of 183 stable patients was analyzed (75,4% female), median age 59 years (intercuartile range 61 to 73 years). 36,1% of the studied population completed 33 sessions or more, 21,3% did less than 33 and 42,6% didn’t participate at all. Patients who completed PR significantly improved global (65,36±1,86 to 72,67±1,76; p<0,0001), mental (72,36±17,6 to 80,3±15,75; p=0,0002) and physical scores (55 [IQR 40–70] to 65 [55–70]; p<0,0001), while subjects that didn’t complete or didn’t do PR had reduction of the three scores: global (62,17±1,66 to 57,06±1,82; p=0,0002), MCS (68,99±19,99 a 64,2±21,31; p=0,0031) and PCS (55 [40–70] to 45 [20–65]; p=0,0008). Virtual and hybrid PR didn’t have significant differences over the effect on either of the QoL scores compared to in-person PR. A multivariate analysis was done, showing a 0,23±0,13 (global), 0,17±0,14 (MCS) and 0,25±0,12 (PCS) point increase for each PR session. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Especialización | spa |
| dc.description.learningmodality | Modalidad Presencial | spa |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Planteamiento y Justificación del Problema ....................................................................... 8 Marco Teórico ...................................................................................................................11 Hipertensión pulmonar ..................................................................................................11 Definición .......................................................................................................11 Epidemiología ............................................................................................... 12 Fisiopatología y clasificación......................................................................... 14 Diagnóstico ................................................................................................... 21 Tratamiento................................................................................................... 23 Calidad de vida (CV) .................................................................................................... 25 Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) .................................... 26 Short Form 12 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12) .................................... 27 Estado del arte................................................................................................................. 28 Pregunta de investigación................................................................................................ 36 Hipótesis.......................................................................................................................... 36 Objetivos.......................................................................................................................... 36 Objetivo General .......................................................................................................... 36 Objetivos Específicos ................................................................................................... 36 Metodología..................................................................................................................... 37 Tipo de estudio............................................................................................................. 37 Población ..................................................................................................................... 37 Criterios de selección................................................................................................... 37 Criterios de inclusión..................................................................................... 37 Criterios de exclusión.................................................................................... 37 Cálculo de tamaño de muestra..................................................................................... 38 Proceso de atención a los participantes del programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en el INO .............................................................................................................................. 38 Variables ...................................................................................................................... 38 Definiciones del estudio ............................................................................................... 42 Plan de análisis de datos.............................................................................................. 43 Análisis univariado ........................................................................................ 43 Análisis bivariado .......................................................................................... 43 Análisis multivariado...................................................................................... 43 Consideraciones éticas ................................................................................................ 44 Resultados....................................................................................................................... 45 Características sociodemográficas de la población a estudio....................................... 45 Características clínicas ................................................................................................ 46 Hallazgos ecocardiográficos y hemodinámicos ............................................................ 49 Completitud y modalidad de la TRPE........................................................................... 50 Análisis bivariado ......................................................................................................... 51 Puntaje global del SF-12 ............................................................................... 52 Puntaje resumen del componente mental (MCS) del SF-12.......................... 54 Puntaje del componente resumen físico (PCS) del SF-12............................. 56 Análisis multivariado..................................................................................................... 58 Puntaje global del SF-12 ............................................................................... 58 Puntaje del componente resumen mental (MCS) del SF-12.......................... 59 Puntaje del componente resumen físico (PCS) del SF-12............................. 59 Discusión ..................................................................................................................... 61 Fortalezas y limitaciones .............................................................................................. 65 Conclusión....................................................................................................................... 65 Referencias ..................................................................................................................... 70 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/31177 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
| dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Especialización en Medicina Interna | spa |
| dc.publisher.programid | EMIN-1050 | |
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| dc.relation.references | Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller S. SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales a user’s manual. 5th ed. Health Asessment Lab; 1994. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Grünig E, Lichtblau M, Ehlken N, Ghofrani HA, Reichenberger F, Staehler G, et al. Safety and efficacy of exercise training in various forms of pulmonary hypertension. European Respiratory Journal. 2012 Jul 1;40(1):84–92. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Nagel C, Prange F, Guth S, Herb J, Ehlken N, Fischer C, et al. Exercise training improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with inoperable or residual chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One. 2012 Jul 25;7(7):e41603. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Inagaki T, Terada J, Tanabe N, Kawata N, Kasai H, Sugiura T, et al. Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with inoperable or residual chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A preliminary study. Respir Investig. 2014 Nov 1;52(6):357–64. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Raskin J, Qua D, Marks T, Sulica R. A retrospective study on the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chron Respir Dis. 2014;11(3):153–62. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Babu AS, Padmakumar R, Nayak K, Shetty R, Mohapatra AK, Maiya AG. Effects of home-based exercise training on functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A randomized clinical trial. Indian Heart J. 2019 Mar 1;71(2):161–5. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Koudstaal T, Wapenaar M, Van Ranst D, Beesems R, Van Den Toorn L, Van Den Bosch A, et al. The effects of a 10 week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on exercise performance, muscle strength, soluble biomarkers, and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019 Nov 1;39(6):397–402. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Zeng X, Chen H, Ruan H, Ye X, Li J, Hong C. Effectiveness and safety of exercise training and rehabilitation in pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2020 May 1;12(5):2691–705. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Kagioglou O, Mouratoglou SA, Giannakoulas G, Kapoukranidou D, Anifanti M, Deligiannis A, et al. Long-Term Effect of an Exercise Training Program on Physical Functioning and Quality of Life in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Feb 26;2021:8870615. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Guerrero-Serrano PA, Bolívar-Grimaldos F, Cano-Rosales DJ, Rodríguez-Corredor LC. Efectos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en la tolerancia al ejercicio y la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar del nororiente colombiano en el año 2017. Revista Médicas UIS. 2018 Sep 24;31(3). | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Betancourt-Peña J, Ávila-Valencia JC, Muñoz-Erazo BE, Hurtado-Gutiérrez H, Benavides-Córdoba V. Efectos de la rehabilitación pulmonar sobre calidad de vida y tolerancia al esfuerzo. Univ Salud. 2020 May 1;22(2):157–65. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Calidad de vida de pacientes de un programa integral de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en Bogotá (Colombia). | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Heredia1 RA, José M, Sánchez2 F, Andrés C, Preciado3 C, Morantes-Ariza4 C, et al. Health and longevity: benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise tolerance and quality of life in elderly COPD patients. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Greenland S. Commentary: Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. 1989 Mar;79(3):340–9. | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Serpa-Anaya DC, Hoyos-Quintero AM, Hernandez NL. Adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation: An exploratory review. Vol. 55, Rehabilitacion. Ediciones Doyma, S.L.; 2021. p. 138–52. | spa |
| dc.relation.uriapolo | https://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/miguel-enrique-ochoa-vera | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | * |
| dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ | * |
| dc.subject.keywords | Pulmonary hypertension | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Quality of life | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Pulmonary rehabilitation | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Therapy | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Internal medicine | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Medicine | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Medical sciences | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Epidemiology | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Pulmonary circulation | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Blood circulation | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Medicina interna | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Medicina | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Ciencias médicas | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Epidemiología | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Circulación pulmonar | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Circulación sanguínea | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Hipertensión pulmonar | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Calidad de vida | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | SF-12 | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Rehabilitación pulmonar | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Terapia | spa |
| dc.title | Efecto de la terapia de rehabilitación pulmonar sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on quality of life of patients with pulmonary hypertension | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dc.type.local | Tesis | spa |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
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