Realidad virtual para la visualización inmersiva del procedimiento de trasplante de médula ósea

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dc.contributor.advisorBuitrago Castro, Luis Felipe
dc.contributor.advisorPardo Niño, Leonardo Stiven
dc.contributor.apolounabBuitrago Castro, Luis Felipe [luis-felipe-buitrago-castro]spa
dc.contributor.apolounabPardo Niño, Leonardo Stiven [leonardo-stiven-pardo-niño/]spa
dc.contributor.authorPérez Tapiero, Zully Yirley
dc.contributor.authorPérez Carrillo, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorEntralgo Tabares, Angie Paola
dc.contributor.corporatenameClínica FOSCALspa
dc.contributor.cvlacBuitrago Castro, Luis Felipe [0001657515]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacPardo Niño, Leonardo Stiven [0001712954]spa
dc.contributor.linkedinBuitrago Castro, Luis Felipe [luis-felipe-buitrago-castro-793139164/]spa
dc.contributor.orcidBuitrago Castro, Luis Felipe [0000-0002-1414-1854]spa
dc.contributor.orcidPardo Niño, Leonardo Stiven [0000-0002-2771-0825]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupSemilleros de Investigación UNABspa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.coverage.spatialBucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.coverage.temporal2025spa
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-26T22:25:53Z
dc.date.available2026-02-26T22:25:53Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-19
dc.degree.nameIngeniero Biomédicospa
dc.description.abstractEl trasplante de médula ósea es un procedimiento médico que requiere preparación física y emocional por parte del paciente, quien con frecuencia enfrenta miedo e incertidumbre frente al tratamiento y sus posibles resultados. Con el propósito de mejorar la comprensión del proceso, se desarrolló una herramienta de realidad virtual que permite visualizar de manera inmersiva el procedimiento de trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Para su desarrollo se llevaron a cabo las fases de levantamiento de requerimientos, definición del concepto, construcción del prototipo y valoración con usuarios mediante pruebas de usabilidad, percepción y retención progresiva. La aplicación fue creada en el motor Unity e integra escenas tridimensionales, animaciones y recursos audiovisuales que recrean las principales etapas del trasplante: la sala de espera, el trasplante autólogo, el trasplante alogénico y la sala del donante. La interacción se realiza a través del sistema basado en la detección de la mirada, lo que permite al usuario explorar el entorno y comprender cada fase de forma visual y participativa. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron una experiencia positiva en la comprensión del procedimiento, alcanzando una puntuación de 84 en la escala de usabilidad del sistema (SUS), lo que corresponde a un nivel alto de aceptación por parte de los usuarios. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la realidad virtual puede ser una herramienta educativa y de apoyo emocional útil para la orientación del paciente antes del trasplante.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishBone marrow transplantation is a medical procedure that requires both physical and emotional preparation from the patient, who often faces fear and uncertainty regarding the treatment and its possible outcomes. To improve understanding of the process, a virtual reality tool was developed to provide an immersive visualization of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure. The development process included the stages of requirements gathering, concept definition, prototype construction, and user evaluation through usability, perception, and progressive retention tests. The application was created using the Unity engine and integrates three-dimensional scenes, animations, and audiovisual resources that recreate the main stages of the transplantation: the waiting room, the autologous transplant, the allogeneic transplant, and the donor’s room. Interaction is based on gaze detection, allowing users to explore the environment and understand each stage in a visual and participatory way. The results showed a positive experience in understanding the procedure, achieving a score of 84 on the System Usability Scale (SUS), which corresponds to a high level of user acceptance. These findings demonstrate that virtual reality can serve as an educational and emotional support tool to guide patients before undergoing transplantation.spa
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsLista de Figuras ............................................................................................................................. 5 Lista de Tablas .............................................................................................................................. 7 Agradecimientos ............................................................................................................................ 8 Dedicatoria..................................................................................................................................... 9 Resumen ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Capítulo 1. Problemática u Oportunidad ................................................................................. 14 Problema de Investigación ................................................................................................ 14 Pregunta de Investigación ................................................................................................. 16 Objetivo General ............................................................................................................... 16 Objetivos Específicos........................................................................................................ 16 Estado del Arte .................................................................................................................. 16 Marco Teórico ................................................................................................................... 19 Trasplante de Médula Ósea .................................................................................. 19 Tipos de Trasplante............................................................................................... 20 Realidad Virtual .................................................................................................... 20 Motor Gráfico ....................................................................................................... 20 Unity ...................................................................................................................... 21 Animación 3D ....................................................................................................... 21 Rigging .................................................................................................................. 21 Rotoscopia............................................................................................................. 21 Usabilidad ............................................................................................................. 22 Capítulo 2. Análisis de Requisitos ............................................................................................. 23 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 23 Resultados ......................................................................................................................... 26 Elicitación de Requisitos....................................................................................... 26 Análisis de Requerimientos ................................................................................... 27 Documentación ..................................................................................................... 30 Definición de Métricas .......................................................................................... 31 Definición Valores Marginales e Ideales ............................................................. 33 Capítulo 3. Definición del Concepto .......................................................................................... 37 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 37 Metodología ...................................................................................................................... 38 Generación de Conceptos ..................................................................................... 38 Resultados ............................................................................................................. 40 Selección del Concepto ......................................................................................... 45 Alcance y Riesgos Concepto Seleccionado ........................................................... 48 Discusión........................................................................................................................... 51 Capítulo 4. Desarrollo de la Herramienta ................................................................................ 55 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 55 Metodología ...................................................................................................................... 56 Resultados ......................................................................................................................... 59 Discusión........................................................................................................................... 67 Capítulo 5. Valoración de la Herramienta ............................................................................... 71 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 71 Metodología ...................................................................................................................... 72 Resultados ......................................................................................................................... 76 Discusión........................................................................................................................... 83 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................................ 86 Recomendaciones para Trabajos Futuros ................................................................................ 87 Referencias ................................................................................................................................... 88 Anexos ........................................................................................................................................ 100spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/33192
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.publisher.programPregrado Ingeniería Biomédicaspa
dc.publisher.programidIBM-1788
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dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.keywordsVirtual realityspa
dc.subject.keywordsBone marrow transplantationspa
dc.subject.keywordsInmersive visualizationspa
dc.subject.keywordsPatient educationspa
dc.subject.keywordsUsabilityspa
dc.subject.keywordsBiophysicsspa
dc.subject.keywordsBioengineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedicinespa
dc.subject.keywordsBiomedicalspa
dc.subject.keywordsVirtual reality in engineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsComputer simulationspa
dc.subject.keywordsPrototype developmentspa
dc.subject.lembBiofísicaspa
dc.subject.lembBioingenieríaspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembBiomédicaspa
dc.subject.lembRealidad virtual en ingenieríaspa
dc.subject.lembSimulación por computadoresspa
dc.subject.lembDesarrollo de prototiposspa
dc.subject.proposalRealidad virtualspa
dc.subject.proposalTrasplante de médula óseaspa
dc.subject.proposalVisualización inmersivaspa
dc.subject.proposalEducación del pacientespa
dc.subject.proposalUsabilidadspa
dc.titleRealidad virtual para la visualización inmersiva del procedimiento de trasplante de médula óseaspa
dc.title.translatedVirtual Reality for the Immersive Visualization of the Bone Marrow Transplant Procedurespa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTrabajo de Gradospa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP

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