Factores asociados a dermatitis por radiación aguda en cáncer de mama en un Centro del Oriente Colombiano

dc.contributor.advisorReyes González, Adriana
dc.contributor.advisorMoreno Jerez, Edgar Augusto
dc.contributor.apolounabReyes González, Adriana [adriana-lucia-reyes-gonzález]spa
dc.contributor.apolounabMoreno Jerez, Edgar Augusto [edgar-augusto-moreno-jerez/]spa
dc.contributor.authorLozano Navarro, Laura Vanessa
dc.contributor.cvlacReyes González, Adriana [0000126469]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacMoreno Jerez, Edgar Augusto [0001483571]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacLozano Navarro, Laura Vanessa [0001726476]spa
dc.contributor.googlescholarReyes González, Adriana [es&oi=ao]spa
dc.contributor.orcidReyes González, Adriana [0000-0002-9852-9345]spa
dc.contributor.orcidMoreno Jerez, Edgar Augusto [0009-0009-5871-9177]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateLozano Navarro, Laura Vanessa [Laura_Vanessa_Lozano_Navarro]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Ciencias y Educación en Saludspa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.coverage.spatialFloridablanca (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.coverage.temporalJunio - Octubre 2025spa
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-25T16:55:34Z
dc.date.available2025-11-25T16:55:34Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-25
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Dermatologíaspa
dc.description.abstractEl cáncer de mama es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente en mujeres. La radioterapia constituye un pilar terapéutico que mejora la supervivencia hasta en un 20% a 20 años, aunque puede generar efectos adversos, siendo la dermatitis por radiación (DPR) el más común, con una incidencia reportada de hasta 90%. La DPR aguda puede variar desde eritema leve hasta necrosis, afectando la calidad de vida y, en casos graves, interrumpiendo el tratamiento. Su aparición depende de factores dosimétricos, técnicos e individuales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los factores asociados a la incidencia de DPR en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidas a radioterapia en un centro del oriente colombiano. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con radioterapia adyuvante en dos centros (FOSCAL y FOSUNAB), entre junio y octubre de 2025. Se incluyeron mujeres mayores de 18 años sin radioterapia previa en el mismo campo. El tamaño muestral calculado fue 108 pacientes. El seguimiento tuvo una duración de cuatro semanas, con evaluación clínica semanal y registro de la severidad de DPR según la escala RTOG. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité́ de ética FOSCAL (No. 11196/2025). Resultados: La incidencia acumulada de DPR fue del 68.5%, predominando los casos grado 1 (63.0%) y grado 2 (5.6%); no se observaron casos grado 3 o 4. Las lesiones aparecieron a los 15 ± 5.8 días del inicio del tratamiento. En el análisis bivariado, ninguna variable clínica, sociodemográfica o de tratamiento mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con la aparición de DPR (p > 0.05), aunque el fototipo mostró una tendencia protectora no significativa (RR=0.86; IC95% 0.71–1.05; p=0.14). En conclusión, La incidencia de DPR fue inferior a la reportada en otros centros. Las técnicas radioterapéuticas modernas y las estrategias preventivas personalizadas podrían contribuir a disminuir esta toxicidad. Se recomienda ampliar el tamaño muestral y realizar análisis dosimétricos para identificar factores de riesgo específicos.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishBreast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Radiotherapy is a therapeutic pillar that improves survival by up to 20% at 20 years, although it can cause adverse effects, the most common being radiation dermatitis (RD), with a reported incidence of up to 90%. Acute RD can range from mild erythema to necrosis, affecting quality of life and, in severe cases, interrupting treatment. Its onset depends on dosimetric, technical, and individual factors. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with the incidence of RD in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at a center in eastern Colombia. A prospective cohort study was conducted in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy at two centers (FOSCAL and FOSUNAB) between June and October 2025. Women over 18 years of age with no previous radiotherapy in the same field were included. The calculated sample size was 108 patients. Follow-up lasted four weeks, with weekly clinical evaluation and recording of the severity of RD according to the RTOG scale. The study was approved by the FOSCAL ethics committee (No. 11196/2025). Results: The cumulative incidence of RD was 68.5%, with grade 1 (63.0%) and grade 2 (5.6%) cases predominating; no grade 3 or 4 cases were observed. Lesions appeared 15 ± 5.8 days after the start of treatment. In the bivariate analysis, no clinical, sociodemographic, or treatment variable showed a statistically significant association with the onset of RD (p > 0.05), although skin type showed a non-significant protective trend (RR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.71–1.05; p = 0.14). In conclusion, the incidence of RD was lower than that reported in other centers. Modern radiotherapy techniques and personalized preventive strategies could contribute to reducing this toxicity. It is recommended to increase the sample size and perform dosimetric analyses to identify specific risk factors.spa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroducción ............................................................................................................... 9 Planteamiento del problema ...................................................................................... 9 Justificación ............................................................................................................. 12 Definición ........................................................................................................................13 Epidemiología ..................................................................................................................14 Fisiopatología...................................................................................................................15 Factores asociados ...........................................................................................................17 Manifestaciones clínicas y severidad.................................................................................19 Prevención y tratamiento .................................................................................................22 Pronóstico........................................................................................................................24 Estado del Arte......................................................................................................... 24 Pregunta e hipótesis de investigación ....................................................................... 31 Pregunta de investigación.................................................................................................31 Hipótesis de la investigación.............................................................................................31 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 33 Objetivo General..............................................................................................................33 Objetivos específicos........................................................................................................33 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 33 Tipo de estudio ................................................................................................................33 Población.........................................................................................................................33 Criterios de inclusión ........................................................................................................33 Criterios de exclusión .......................................................................................................34 Cálculo de tamaño de muestra .........................................................................................34 Muestreo: ........................................................................................................................34 Recolección de la información ..........................................................................................35 Variables..........................................................................................................................36 Plan de análisis de datos...................................................................................................37 Consideraciones éticas.............................................................................................. 38 Resultados ............................................................................................................... 40 Discusión.................................................................................................................. 50 Conclusiones ............................................................................................................ 59 Referencias bibliográficas......................................................................................... 60 Anexos ..................................................................................................................... 67 Cronograma de actividades ...................................................................................... 73spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/32260
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Dermatologíaspa
dc.publisher.programidEDER-356
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dc.relation.uriapolohttps://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/adriana-lucila-reyes-gonz%C3%A1lez/spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.keywordsDermatologyspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical sciencesspa
dc.subject.keywordsHealth sciencesspa
dc.subject.keywordsRadiodermatitisspa
dc.subject.keywordsDermatitisspa
dc.subject.keywordsRadiation dermatitisspa
dc.subject.keywordsRadiotherapyspa
dc.subject.keywordsBreast Neoplasmsspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedicinespa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical radiologyspa
dc.subject.keywordsBlood irradiationspa
dc.subject.keywordsRadiationspa
dc.subject.lembDermatologíaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.subject.lembMedicinaspa
dc.subject.lembRadiología médicaspa
dc.subject.lembIrradiación de sangrespa
dc.subject.lembRadiodermatitisspa
dc.subject.lembRadiaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalCiencias de la saludspa
dc.subject.proposalRadiodermatitisspa
dc.subject.proposalDermatitis por radiaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalDermatitisspa
dc.subject.proposalRadioterapiaspa
dc.subject.proposalCancer de mamaspa
dc.titleFactores asociados a dermatitis por radiación aguda en cáncer de mama en un Centro del Oriente Colombianospa
dc.title.translatedFactors Associated with Acute Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer at a Center in Eastern Colombiaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM

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