Análisis de nuevos índices de las señales electrocardiográficas y de flujo respiratorio para predecir el éxito o fracaso del proceso de extubación de pacientes asistidos por ventilación mecánica

dc.contributor.advisorArizmendi Pereira, Carlos Julio
dc.contributor.advisorGiraldo Giraldo, Beatriz
dc.contributor.apolounabGonzalez Acevedo, Hernando [hernando-gonzalez-acevedo-2]spa
dc.contributor.apolounabArizmendi Pereira, Carlos Julio [carlos-julio-arizmendi-pereira]spa
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Acevedo, Hernando
dc.contributor.cvlacGonzález Acevedo, Hernando [0000544655]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacArizmendi Pereira, Carlos Julio [1381550]spa
dc.contributor.googlescholarGonzález Acevedo, Hernando [V8tga0cAAAAJ]spa
dc.contributor.googlescholarArizmendi Pereira, Carlos Julio [JgT_je0AAAAJ]spa
dc.contributor.orcidGonzález Acevedo, Hernando [0000-0001-6242-3939]spa
dc.contributor.orcidGiraldo Giraldo, Beatriz [0000-0002-9910-8577]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateGonzález Acevedo, Hernando [Hernando-Gonzalez]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateArizmendi Pereira, Carlos Julio [Carlos_Arizmendi2]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación Control y Mecatrónica - GICYMspa
dc.contributor.scopusGonzález Acevedo, Hernando [55821231500]spa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.coverage.spatialColombiaspa
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-13T16:34:35Z
dc.date.available2025-06-13T16:34:35Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-11
dc.degree.nameDoctorado en Ingenieríaspa
dc.description.abstractLa insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) es una afección en la que los pulmones no pueden realizar un intercambio adecuado de gases, lo que frecuentemente requiere el uso de ventilación mecánica (VM). El proceso de extubación, o retiro de la ventilación, es delicado y debe realizarse en el momento adecuado para evitar complicaciones. Hasta un 25% de los pacientes reintubados, tras una extubación fallida, enfrentan riesgos mayores, como infecciones nosocomiales y atrofia muscular. Dado el impacto de una extubación fallida en los resultados clínicos, surge la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas más precisas para predecir el éxito del destete. El objetivo de esta tesis es proponer nuevos índices basados en señales electrocardiográficas y de flujo respiratorio para mejorar la predicción del éxito o fracaso de la extubación tras una Prueba de Respiración Espontánea (SBT, por sus siglas en inglés Spontaneous Breathing Trial). Para ello, se analizan descriptores extraídos en el dominio del tiempo, frecuencia, diagramas de Poincaré y tiempo-frecuencia, con el fin de caracterizar la dinámica cardiorrespiratoria durante la extubación. Además, se emplean técnicas de procesamiento de señales y algoritmos de clasificación basados en aprendizaje automático (ML, por sus siglas en ingles Machine Learning) y aprendizaje profundo (DL, por sus siglas en inglés Deep Learning) para optimizar la predicción del desenlace del procedimiento. Los índices propuestos constituyen una herramienta de apoyo en entornos clínicos, como soporte a decisiones más objetivas e informadas en el proceso de destete de la VM.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishAcute respiratory failure (ARF) is a condition in which the lungs are unable to perform adequate gas exchange, often necessitating the use of mechanical ventilation (MV). The extubation process, or weaning from ventilation, is delicate and must be performed at the appropriate time to avoid complications. Up to 25% of reintubated patients, after failed extubation, face increased risks, such as nosocomial infections and muscle atrophy. Given the impact of failed extubation on clinical outcomes, there is a need for more accurate tools to predict weaning success. The aim of this thesis is to propose new indexes based on electrocardiographic and respiratory flow signals to improve the prediction of extubation success or failure after a Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT). For this purpose, descriptors extracted in the time, frequency, Poincaré diagrams and time-frequency domain are analyzed to characterize cardiorespiratory dynamics during extubation. In addition, signal processing techniques and classification algorithms based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are used to optimize the prediction of the outcome of the procedure. The proposed indexes constitute a support tool in the clinical setting, as support for more objective and informed decision making in the MV weaning process.spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.description.sponsorshipPrograma de Becas de Excelencia Doctoral del Bicentenariospa
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCCIÓN 15 1. FUNDAMENTACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 17 1.1 PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 17 1.2 PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 18 1.3 HIPÓTESIS DE INVESTIGACIÓN 18 1.4 JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 19 1.5 ESTADO DEL ARTE 20 2. OBJETIVOS DE LA TESIS 24 2.1 OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL 24 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 24 3. MARCO TEÓRICO 25 3.1 SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR 25 3.2 SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO 25 3.3 INSUFICIENCIA RESPIRATORIA AGUDA 28 3.4 VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA 29 3.5 BASE DE DATOS WEANDB 32 3.6 MARCO NORMATIVO 33 3.7 BENCHMARKING DE EMPRESAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS 34 4. DESCRIPTORES PARA PREDECIR EL ÉXITO O FRACASO DE UN PROCESO DE EXTUBACIÓN 36 4.1 TECNICAS DE INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL IMPLEMENTADAS PARA LA PREDICCIÓN DE LA EXTUBACIÓN 36 4.1.1 Preprocesamiento de la base de datos 36 4.1.2 Preparación de los datos 37 4.1.3 Sistema de clasificación 40 4.2 PROCESAMIENTO DE SEÑALES DE FLUJO RESPIRATORIO Y ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICAS 45 4.3 SELECCIÓN DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PARA UN SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN A PARTIR DE DATOS ESTADÍSTICOS DE LAS SERIES TEMPORALES 46 4.4 SELECCIÓN DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PARA UN SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN A PARTIR DE UN ANÁLISIS EN FRECUENCIA UTILIZANDO LA TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER NO UNIFORME 48 4.4.1 Características en el dominio de la frecuencia 50 4.4.2 Sistema de clasificación 53 4.5 PREDICCIÓN DEL ÉXITO DE LA RETIRADA DEL RESPIRADOR EN PACIENTES MEDIANTE DIAGRAMA DE POINCARÉ 54 4.6 PREDICCIÓN DEL FRACASO DEL DESTETE MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE TIEMPO-FRECUENCIA DE SEÑALES ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICAS Y DE FLUJO RESPIRATORIO 64 4.6.1 Análisis tiempo-frecuencia: Transformada de Wavelet 67 4.6.2 Sistema de clasificación 70 5. RESULTADOS 72 5.1 MODELO DE CLASIFICACIÓN BASADO EN DATOS ESTADÍSTICOS DE LAS SERIES TEMPORALES 72 5.2 MODELO DE CLASIFICACIÓN BASADO EN CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL ESPECTRO EN FRECUENCIA UTILIZANDO LA TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER NO UNIFORME 74 5.3 MODELO DE CLASIFICACIÓN BASADO EN CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL DIAGRAMA DE POINCARÉ 75 5.4 MODELO DE CLASIFICACIÓN BASADO EN CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL DIAGRAMA TIEMPO-FRECUENCIA OBTENIDO MEDIANTE LA TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER NO UNIFORME 78 5.5 MODELO DE CLASIFICACIÓN BASADO EN CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL DIAGRAMA TIEMPO-FRECUENCIA OBTENIDO MEDIANTE LA TRANSFORMADA DE WAVELET 81 5.6 ANALISIS ESTADÍSTICO 85 6. CONCLUSIONES 93 7. RECOMENDACIONES 95 8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 96 9. ANEXOS 106spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/29727
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.programidDING-1502
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dc.relation.uriapolohttps://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/carlos-julio-arizmendi-pereiraspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.keywordsEngineeringspa
dc.subject.keywordsMechanical ventilationspa
dc.subject.keywordsSpontaneous breathing testspa
dc.subject.keywordsTime-frequency analysisspa
dc.subject.keywordsPoincaré diagramspa
dc.subject.keywordsMachine learningspa
dc.subject.keywordsDeep learningspa
dc.subject.keywordsNeural networks (Computer science)spa
dc.subject.keywordsSignal processingspa
dc.subject.keywordsPatient monitoringspa
dc.subject.keywordsVital signsspa
dc.subject.keywordsArtificial respiration (Equipment and supplies)spa
dc.subject.keywordsRespirators (Medical Equipment)spa
dc.subject.lembIngenieríaspa
dc.subject.lembRedes neuronales (Computadores)spa
dc.subject.lembProcesamiento de señalesspa
dc.subject.lembMonitoreo del pacientespa
dc.subject.lembSignos vitalesspa
dc.subject.lembRespiración artificial (Equipo y accesorios)spa
dc.subject.lembRespiradores (Equipo médico)spa
dc.subject.proposalVentilación mecánicaspa
dc.subject.proposalPrueba de respiración espontáneaspa
dc.subject.proposalAnálisis tiempo-frecuenciaspa
dc.subject.proposalDiagrama de poincaréspa
dc.titleAnálisis de nuevos índices de las señales electrocardiográficas y de flujo respiratorio para predecir el éxito o fracaso del proceso de extubación de pacientes asistidos por ventilación mecánicaspa
dc.title.translatedAnalysis of new indices of electrocardiographic and respiratory flow signals to predict the success or failure of the extubation process in mechanically ventilated patientsspa
dc.typeThesiseng
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa

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