Evaluación del efecto en la incidencia de preeclampsia del cribado combinado en semana 11-14 en una institución de nivel medio, un estudio de cohorte

dc.contributor.advisorQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel
dc.contributor.advisorOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique
dc.contributor.apolounabQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel [eliana-maribel-quintero-roa]spa
dc.contributor.apolounabOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [miguel-enrique-ochoa-vera]spa
dc.contributor.authorLinares Quintero, Andrés Fernando
dc.contributor.cvlacQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel [0000802689]spa
dc.contributor.cvlacOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [898465]spa
dc.contributor.orcidQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel [0000-0002-4355-384X]spa
dc.contributor.orcidOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [0000-0002-4552-3388]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel [Eliana_Quintero2]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [Miguel_Ochoa7]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupSemilleros de Investigación UNABspa
dc.contributor.scopusQuintero Roa, Eliana Maribel [6507641217]spa
dc.contributor.scopusOchoa Vera, Miguel Enrique [36987156500]spa
dc.coverage.campusUNAB Campus Bucaramangaspa
dc.coverage.spatialBucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)spa
dc.coverage.temporal2021-2023spa
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-21T14:29:36Z
dc.date.available2024-05-21T14:29:36Z
dc.date.issued2024-05-10
dc.degree.nameEspecialista en Ginecología y Obstetriciaspa
dc.description.abstractObjetivo: Evaluar el efecto sobre la incidencia de preeclampsia en una población gestante latina al aplicar entre semana 11-14+1 el denominado “doble test” descrito por Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) como prueba de tamizaje para predecir el riesgo de desarrollar esa patología Versus quienes se clasificaron según la Guía de práctica Clínica del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: En un estudio de Cohorte ambispectiva, se invitaron a participar todas aquellas gestantes que se realizaron una ecografía obstétrica en las instalaciones adscritas al Instituto de Salud de Bucaramanga (ISABU), cuando al momento de realizar la ecografía cursaban con embarazos de entre 11 y 14 semanas + 1 días de gestación durante el período de tiempo comprendido entre el 1 de abril de 2019 hasta el 28 de diciembre de 2023. Se utilizó el modelo basado en el teorema de Bayes de la Fetal Medicine Foundation para calcular el riesgo específico de cada paciente de desarrollar preeclampsia en <37 semanas de gestación (preeclampsia pretérmino) y en cualquier gestación (todas las preeclampsias) en cada participante. A las pacientes correspondientes a la cohorte de tamizaje según la Guía NICE el ultrasonido de semana 11-14 se lo realizó un gineco-obstetra capacitado en la realización de ultrasonido obstétrico de rutina. Se recogieron datos como presión arterial media, datos sociodemográficos y se realizó el cálculo del riesgo de la aplicación de la Fetal Medicine Foundation para el grupo expuesto al cribado combinado, cualquier paciente con un resultado de alto riesgo fue enviada al servicio de Urgencias. En todos los casos se contactó a la paciente 22 semanas después de la realización de la ecografía (para indagar sobre preeclampsia temprana) y posteriormente a las 30 semanas para indagar acerca pre-eclampsia tardía o puerperal y sobre otras variables de desenlace (Óbito fetal, código rojo, ingreso a UCI materna o neonatal, etc); Con la recolección de los datos completa, se realizó un análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: Se reclutaron 343 participantes de las cuales cincuenta y cinco (55) se perdieron durante el seguimiento, de manera tal que el análisis final se realizó con la 288 (86,75%). El algoritmo de la FMF tuvo una sensibilidad del 66.7% (IC 29.9%- 92.5%) una especificidad de 88.9% (IC 80.5%-94.5%) Curva ROC 0.77 (IC 0.61- 0.944) Likelihood ratio (+) 6 (IC 2.85-12.6) Likelihood ratio (-) 0.375 (IC 0.148-0.148) OR 16 (IC 3.72-68.2) VPP 37.5% (IC 15.2-64.6) y VPN 96.4% (IC 89.8-99.2), OR=16. El algoritmo del Ministerio de salud tuvo una sensibilidad del 55.6% (IC 21.2%-86.3%) una especificidad de 82.2% (IC 72.7-89.5%) Curva ROC 0.689 (IC1,85-29.9) Likelihood ratio (+) 3.13 (IC 1.71-5,82) Likelihood ratio (-) 0.541 (IC 0.167- 1.07) OR 5.78 (IC 1.85-29.9) VPP 23.8% (IC 9.36-45.1) y VPN 94.9% (IC 88.6-92.2). La curva ROC encontró un área bajo la curva (AUC) FMF y Ministerio de Salud de 0.77 y 0.68 respectivamente, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa p < 0.01. No hubo concordancia en 9 observaciones entre FMF vs Ministerio de Salud Control Prenatal. Se encontró que variables como nuliparidad, abortos, antecedente familiar de preeclampsia, preeclampsia en embarazo anterior, existencia de alguna enfermedad como diabetes I y II, hipertensión crónica, LES y Síndrome antifosfolípidos e IMC >30 son factores de riesgo para PE en nuestra población. Conclusión: En mujeres latinas con embarazo único, asintomáticas, el modelo competitivo de riesgos basado en el Teorema de Bayes de Fetal Medicine Foundation que incluye características maternas y marcadores biofísicos como la toma de presión arterial media y el índice de Pulsatilidad de la Arteria Uterina tiene mayor sensibilidad, especificidad y tasa de predicción de preeclampsia que otras combinaciones que excluyen el Doppler de la arteria uterina. También hemos demostrado que el modelo de predicción de la Fetal Medicine Foundation se puede implementar como parte de la atención prenatal de rutina mediante el uso de la infraestructura existente de atención prenatal.spa
dc.description.abstractenglishObjective: To evaluate the effect on the incidence of preeclampsia in a Latin pregnant population by applying the so-called “double test” described by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) between weeks 11-14+1 as a screening test to predict the risk of developing this pathology. Versus those who were classified according to the Clinical Practice Guide of the Colombian Ministry of Health. Materials and methods: In an ambispective cohort study, all pregnant women who underwent an obstetric ultrasound in the facilities attached to the Bucaramanga Health Institute (ISABU) were invited to participate, when at the time of the ultrasound they were pregnant between 11 and 14 weeks + 1 day of gestation during the time period from April 1, 2019 to December 28, 2023. The model based on Bayes theorem of the Fetal Medicine Foundation was used to calculate the specific risk of each patient from developing preeclampsia at <37 weeks of gestation (preterm preeclampsia) and at any gestation (all preeclampsia) in each participant. For the patients corresponding to the screening cohort according to the NICE Guide, the ultrasound from week 11-14 was performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist trained in performing routine obstetric ultrasound. Data such as mean arterial pressure, sociodemographic data were collected and risk calculation was performed using the Fetal Medicine Foundation application for the group exposed to combined screening. Any patient with a high-risk result was sent to the Emergency Department. In all cases the patient was contacted 22 weeks after performing the ultrasound (to inquire about early preeclampsia) and later at 30 weeks to inquire about late or puerperal pre-eclampsia and other outcome variables (fetal death, code red, admission to maternal or neonatal ICU , etc); With data collection complete, a univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: 343 participants were recruited, of which fifty-five (55) were lost to follow-up, so that the final analysis was performed with 288 (86.75%). The FMF algorithm had a sensitivity of 66.7% (CI 29.9%- 92.5%) and a specificity of 88.9% (CI 80.5%-94.5%) ROC curve 0.77 (CI 0.61- 0.944) Likelihood ratio (+) 6 (CI 2.85-12.6) Likelihood ratio (-) 0.375 (CI 0.148-0.148) OR 16 (CI 3.72-68.2) PPV 37.5% (CI 15.2-64.6) and NPV 96.4% (CI 89.8-99.2), OR=16. The Ministry of Health algorithm had a sensitivity of 55.6% (CI 21.2%-86.3%) and a specificity of 82.2% (CI 72.7-89.5%) ROC curve 0.689 (CI 1.85-29.9) Likelihood ratio (+) 3.13 (CI 1.71-5.82) Likelihood ratio (-) 0.541 (CI 0.167- 1.07) OR 5.78 (CI 1.85-29.9) PPV 23.8% (CI 9.36-45.1) and NPV 94.9% (CI 88.6-92.2). The ROC curve found an area under the curve (AUC) FMF and Ministry of Health of 0.77 and 0.68 respectively, with a statistically significant difference p < 0.01. There was no agreement in 9 observations between FMF vs Ministry of Health Prenatal Control. It was found that variables such as nulliparity, abortions, family history of preeclampsia, preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy, existence of a disease such as diabetes I and II, chronic hypertension, SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome and BMI >30 are risk factors for PE in our population. Conclusion: In asymptomatic Latina women with a singleton pregnancy, the competitive risk model based on the Bayes Theorem of the Fetal Medicine Foundation that includes maternal characteristics and biophysical markers such as mean arterial pressure measurement and the Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index has higher sensitivity, specificity and prediction rate of preeclampsia than other combinations that exclude uterine artery Doppler. We have also demonstrated that the Fetal Medicine Foundation's prediction model can be implemented as part of routine prenatal care by using existing prenatal care infrastructure.spa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecializaciónspa
dc.description.learningmodalityModalidad Presencialspa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. TÍTULO DEL PROYECTO ........................................................................................................... 4 2. RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO ...................................................................................................... 4 3. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO ............................................................................................... 6 3.1 Planteamiento del problema ...................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Justificación ...................................................................................................................... 12 4. MARCO TEÓRICO ........................................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Definición de Preeclampsia y Epidemiología ........................................................................... 18 4.2 Fisiopatología de la preeclampsia y Biomarcadores Moleculares ........................................... 21 4.3 Predicción de preeclampsia ..................................................................................................... 25 4.3.1 Predicción basada en Factores de riesgo ......................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Predicción basada en Doppler de Arterias Uterinas. ........................................................ 27 4.3.3 Predicción basada en Biomarcadores moleculares. ......................................................... 29 4.3.4 Predicción basada en Modelo de Fundación de Medicina Fetal. ..................................... 30 4.4 Prevención de Preeclampsia ....................................................................................................33 4.5 Manejo de la preeclampsia ...................................................................................................... 35 5. ESTADO DEL ARTE .................................................................................................................. 37 6. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................... 45 6.1 Objetivo general ....................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................................... 45 7. METODOLOGÍA ........................................................................................................................ 45 7.1 Tipo de Estudio ........................................................................................................................ 45 7.2 Población ................................................................................................................................. 45 7.3 Muestra .................................................................................................................................... 46 7.4 Muestreo .................................................................................................................................. 46 7.5 Criterios de selección ............................................................................................................... 47 7.5.1 Criterios de inclusión ......................................................................................................... 47 7.5.2 Criterios de exclusión ........................................................................................................ 47 7.6 Variables del estudio ........................................................................................................ 47 7.7 Procedimiento del estudio/Obtención de la información ...........................................................48 7.8 Muestreo .................................................................................................................................. 51 7.8.1 Cálculo tamaño muestral .................................................................................................. 51 7.8.2 Instrumento de medición................................................................................................... 51 7.8.3 Plan de análisis ................................................................................................................. 51 8. RESULTADOS........................................................................................................................... 52 8.1 Análisis Univariado .................................................................................................................. 53 8.3 Análisis multivariado ................................................................................................................ 67 9. DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................... 68 10. LIMITACIONES Y FORTALEZAS ........................................................................................ 76 11. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................. 77 12. CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS............................................................................................. 77 13. ANEXOS ............................................................................................................................... 79 ANEXO 1. Encuesta y procedimientos a realizar en el cribado combinado semana 11-14 de la Fundación de Medicina Fetal ......................................................................................................... 79 ANEXO 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 80 2.1 Encuesta de Primer contacto a Pacientes ........................................................................... 80 2.2 Encuesta seguimiento 30 semanas posterior a la realización del Cribado combinado Vs Control Prenatal ......................................................................................................................... 82 2.3 Encuesta seguimiento 37 semanas posterior a la realización del Cribado combinado Vs Control Prenatal ......................................................................................................................... 84 ANEXO 3: CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO PARA CONTESTAR LA ENCUESTA DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ............................................................................................... 86 ANEXO 4: ASENTIMIENTO INFORMADO PARA PACIENTE MENOR DE 18 AÑOS PARA PARTICIPACIÓN EN EL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN. ANEXO 5: Propuesta de seguimiento a pacientes. ....................................................................... 91 14. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................ 92spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNABspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional UNABspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.unab.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/24701
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.grantorUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNABspa
dc.publisher.programEspecialización en Ginecología y Obstetriciaspa
dc.publisher.programidEGO-1385
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dc.relation.referencesYi Jiang TP, Chen Z, Chen Y, Wei L, Gao P, Zhang J, et al. T a g g e d H 1 Low-dose asprin use during pregnancy may be a potential risk for postpartum hemorrhage and increased blood loss: a systematic review and meta-analysisT a g g e d E n d Systematic Review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM [Internet]. 2023;5:100878. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100878spa
dc.relation.uriapolohttps://apolo.unab.edu.co/en/persons/eliana-maribel-quintero-roaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia*
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/*
dc.subject.keywordsPrediction preeclampsiaspa
dc.subject.keywordsUterine artery dopplerspa
dc.subject.keywordsGynecologyspa
dc.subject.keywordsObstetricsspa
dc.subject.keywordsMedical sciencesspa
dc.subject.keywordsPublic healthspa
dc.subject.keywordsObstetric emergenciesspa
dc.subject.keywordsPregnancy (Complications)spa
dc.subject.lembGinecologíaspa
dc.subject.lembObstetriciaspa
dc.subject.lembCiencias médicasspa
dc.subject.lembSalud públicaspa
dc.subject.lembUrgencias obstétricasspa
dc.subject.lembEmbarazo (Complicaciones)spa
dc.subject.proposalPreeclampsiaspa
dc.subject.proposalPrediccion preeclampsiaspa
dc.subject.proposalDoppler de arterias uterinasspa
dc.titleEvaluación del efecto en la incidencia de preeclampsia del cribado combinado en semana 11-14 en una institución de nivel medio, un estudio de cohortespa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of the effect on the incidence of preeclampsia of combined screening in weeks 11-14 in a mid-level institution, a cohort studyspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.localTesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM

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