Plan de exportación de aguacate Hass colombiano a Estados Unidos bajo el TLC
| dc.contributor.advisor | David López, Guerdis Paola | |
| dc.contributor.apolounab | David López, Guerdis Paola [guerdis-paola-david-lópez] | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Chaparro Prada, Leandro | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | David López, Guerdis Paola [0001621078] | spa |
| dc.contributor.orcid | David López, Guerdis Paola [0000-0001-9823-5358] | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgate | David López, Guerdis Paola [Guerdis-Paola-David-Lopez-2231372651] | spa |
| dc.coverage.campus | UNAB Campus Bucaramanga | spa |
| dc.coverage.spatial | Jericó (Antioquia, Colombia) | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-12-02T15:18:10Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-12-02T15:18:10Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-06-06 | |
| dc.degree.name | Profesional en Negocios Internacionales | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | El presente estudio aborda el diseño e implementación de un plan de exportación de aguacate Hass desde el departamento de Antioquia hacia Miami, Estados Unidos, aprovechando las disposiciones del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) entre Colombia y EE. UU. Vigente desde mayo de 2012, este acuerdo ofrece a los productores colombianos ventajas arancelarias y reduce las barreras para el ingreso de productos frescos al mercado norteamericano. No obstante, el éxito comercial exige también enfrentar requisitos fitosanitarios, normativas aduaneras y desafíos logísticos que requieren un tratamiento integral. Con ese propósito, la investigación se estructura en torno a tres objetivos específicos. | spa |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | This study addresses the design and implementation of an export plan for Hass avocados from the department of Antioquia to Miami, United States, taking advantage of the provisions of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Colombia and the U.S. In effect since May 2012, this agreement offers Colombian producers tariff advantages and reduces barriers to entry for fresh produce into the North American market. However, commercial success also requires addressing phytosanitary requirements, customs regulations, and logistical challenges that demand a comprehensive approach. To that end, the research is structured around three specific objectives. First, it identifies the tariff and non-tariff advantages that the FTA grants to Hass avocados, as well as the additional regulations (certifications, inspections, packaging) imposed by Colombian and U.S. authorities. Second, it designs a step-by-step export procedure, covering everything from fruit selection and packing on farms in Antioquia to delivery at distribution centers in Miami, including land, sea, and air transport options, and document management. Third, it develops an international physical distribution cost matrix that quantifies each component of the operation in order to optimize profit margins. To achieve this, the study combines a descriptive approach, based on information from institutions such as the ICA, the USDA, and logistics operators, with quantitative analytical tools that allow for the simulation of cost and delivery time scenarios. The result is a practical guide that facilitates decision-making for small and medium-sized exporters in Antioquia, aimed at maximizing the benefits of the Free Trade Agreement, guaranteeing product traceability and quality, and consolidating the presence of Colombian Hass avocados in the competitive U.S. market. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | spa |
| dc.description.learningmodality | Modalidad Presencial | spa |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 1. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO............................................................................... 8 PALABRAS CLAVE .................................................................................................................. 9 2. INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................... 10 3. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN............................. 12 3.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ..........................................................................12 3.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN...........................................................................................................14 3.3. OBJETIVOS...................................................................................................................15 3.3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL .................................................................................................15 3.3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ..........................................................................................15 4. DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN............................................................. 16 5. MARCO REFERENCIAL ........................................................................... 18 5.1. MARCO CONCEPTUAL................................................................................................18 5.2. MARCO LEGAL............................................................................................................21 5.3. MARCO TEÓRICO........................................................................................................24 6. DESARROLLO DE OBJETIVOS ................................................................ 27 6.1. IDENTIFICAR VENTAJAS ARANCELARIAS Y NO ARANCELARIAS EN EL TLC VIGENTE ENTRE COLOMBIA USA PARA LA EXPORTACIÓN DE AGUACATE HASS ........27 6.1.1. VENTAJAS ARANCELARIAS DEL TLC.......................................................................27 6.1.2. DEVENTAJAS ARANCELARIAS.................................................................................28 6.1.3. VENTAJAS NO ARANCELARIAS................................................................................30 6.1.4. DEVENTAJAS NO ARANCELARIAS ...........................................................................31 6.2. DISEÑAR PLAN DE EXPORTACIÓN PARA EL AGUACATE HASS DESDE COLOMBIA HACIA EEUU ...........................................................................................................................33 6.2.1. DOCUMENTOS PARA LA EXPORTACIÓN..................................................................35 6.3. DESARROLLAR MATRIZ DE COSTOS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN FISICA INTERNACIONAL PARA LA EXPORTACIÓN DE AGUACATE HASS DESDE COLOMBIA HACIA ESTADOS UNIDOS....................................................................................................................................48 7. CONCLUSIONES........................................................................................ 58 8. RECOMENDACIONES............................................................................... 60 9. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .......................................................... 62 10. APENDICES................................................................................................ 64 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/32366 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad Economía y Negocios | spa |
| dc.publisher.grantor | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Pregrado Negocios Internacionales | spa |
| dc.publisher.programid | NGI-1769 | |
| dc.relation.references | Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo. (2023). Acuerdos comerciales vigentes. https://www.mincit.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ProColombia. (2022). Colombia y Estados Unidos: 10 años de TLC. https://www.procolombia.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | U.S. Trade Representative. (2023). Colombia Free Trade Agreement. https://ustr.gov/tradeagreements/free-trade-agreements/colombia-fta | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). (2023). Comercio exterior por países. https://www.dane.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ICA (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario). (2024). Requisitos para la exportación de productos vegetales frescos. https://www.ica.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Hapag-Lloyd. (2024). Tarifas de transporte marítimo. https://www.hapag-lloyd.com | spa |
| dc.relation.references | FDA (Food and Drug Administration). (2023). Importing Food Products into the United States. https://www.fda.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | CBP (Customs and Border Protection). (2023). Basic Importing and Exporting. https://www.cbp.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Freightquote. (2024). International Freight Rates & Cost Estimation. https://www.freightquote.com | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ProColombia. (2023). Guía para exportar productos agropecuarios. https://www.procolombia.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ProColombia. (2023). Documentos para exportar desde Colombia. https://www.procolombia.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ICA. (2024). Certificación fitosanitaria para exportación. https://www.ica.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | DIAN. (2023). Documentos exigidos para operaciones de comercio exterior. https://www.dian.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | CBP. (2023). Required documents for customs clearance. https://www.cbp.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ICONTEC. (2020). NTC 5400: Empaque para productos agrícolas frescos. https://www.icontec.org | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Allianz Colombia. (2023). Seguro para carga internacional. https://www.allianz.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | ICA. (2024). Protocolo para la exportación de aguacate Hass a Estados Unidos. https://www.ica.gov.co | spa |
| dc.relation.references | USDA APHIS. (2023). Import Requirements for Avocados from Colombia. https://www.aphis.usda.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | FDA. (2023). Fresh Fruit Import Guidance. https://www.fda.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | FAO. (2023). FAOSTAT – Avocado Production and Trade. https://www.fao.org/faostat | spa |
| dc.relation.references | USDA. (2023). Avocado Market Reports. https://www.ams.usda.gov | spa |
| dc.relation.references | CIRCUIT. (2024). Planificador de rutas para transporte y distribución. https://www.getcircuit.com | spa |
| dc.relation.references | FedEx. (2023). International Shipping for Perishables. https://www.fedex.com | spa |
| dc.relation.references | DHL. (2023). Guía de envío internacional de productos agrícolas. https://www.dhl.com | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Mercado Libre. (s.f.). Productos y servicios. https://www.mercadolibre.com.co | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | * |
| dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ | * |
| dc.subject.keywords | International business enterprises | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | International business | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Commerce | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Foreign trade | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | International relations | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Exportable projects | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | International markets | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Business strategies | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Hass avocado | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Cost matrix | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Free trade agreement | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Export | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Business logistics | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | International economy | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Free ports | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Empresas internacionales | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Comercio exterior | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Relaciones internacionales | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Mercados internacionales | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Logística empresarial | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Economía internacional | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Puertos francos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Negocios internacionales | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Proyectos exportables | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Estrategias de negocios | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Exportación | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Tratado de libre comercio | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Matriz de costos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Aguacate hass | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Logística internacional | spa |
| dc.title | Plan de exportación de aguacate Hass colombiano a Estados Unidos bajo el TLC | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Export plan for Colombian Hass avocados to the United States under the FTA | spa |
| dc.type | Bachelor thesis | eng |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
| dc.type.hasversion | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
| dc.type.local | Trabajo de Grado | spa |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | spa |
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